Unit 4:

Vocabulary:                                                                Sustainable Development

1 vocabulary Items related to Sustainable Development:

Vocabulary Items	Explanations
Development:	The process of growing or developing. Synonymous words include: evolution, progress, advance. These nouns mean a progression from a simpler or lower to a more advanced, mature, or complex form or stage: “the development of an idea into reality;”  “the evolution of a plant from a seed;”  “attempts made to foster social progress.”
Sustainable:	Able to continue over a period of time. (of economic development or energy sources) capable of being maintained at a steady level without exhausting natural resources or causing ecological damage
Sustainable development:	A pattern of resource use that aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but in the indefinite future. It’s a development that “meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”
Environment:	The surroundings in which a person, animal, or plant lives. the natural world of land, sea, air, plants, and animals. “Nuclear waste must be prevented from leaking into the environment“
Ecology:	The scientific study of the distribution and abundance of life and the interactions between organisms and their natural environment.
Resource:	Something that a country, person, or organization has that they can use. Details : Any physical or virtual entity of limited availability, or anything used to help one earn a living. As resources are very useful, we attach some information value to them. Resources help to produce goods so they have economic value. Natural resources like forests, mountains etc. are very beautiful so they have aesthetic value. Gifts of nature such as water also have a legal value because it is our right to enjoy them. On the other hand, resources have an ethical value as well because it is our moral duty to protect and conserve them for the future generations.
Natural resources	Natural resources are derived from the environment. Many of them are essential for our survival while others are used for satisfying our wants.
Resource development	Many resources cannot be consumed in their original form. They have to be processed in order to change them into more usable commodities. This is known as resource development. With the rise in human numbers all over the world, the demand for resources has also increased. However, there is a difference in distribution of resources to different regions or countries. Developed countries use more resources than developing countries.
Desertification	Desertification is the degradation of land in arid and dry sub-humid areas, resulting primarily from human activities and influenced by climatic variations. It’s also a failure of the ecological succession process.
Deforestation	Deforestation is the conversion of (forest)ed areas to non-forested land, for uses such as: pasture, urban use, logging purposes, and can result in arid land and wastelands. In many countries, deforestation is ongoing and is shaping climate and geography. Deforestation results from removal of trees without sufficient reforestation, and results in declines in habitat and biodiversity, wood for fuel and industrial use, and quality of life.
Affluent	having a lot of money: Ex :  affluent families/neighbourhoods
Indigent	Very Poor
Urban	belonging or relating to a town or city: Ex : Urban areas
Urbanization	the process by which more and more people leave the countryside to live in cities
Collaborate	When two or more people collaborate, they work together to create or achieve the same thing.
Health care	The set of services provided by a country or an organization for treating people who are sick .
Debts	An amount of money that you owe someone.
Investments	The money that you put in a bank, business, etc in order to make a profit, or the act of doing this:
Industrialisation	The process of developing industries in a country
Raw	Natural  / Not cooked
Infrastructure	the basic systems, such as transport and communication, that a country or organization uses in order to work effectively.

• .      Useful Collocations to take into consideration:

• Civil Society
• Non-governmental organisation
• Renewable energies
• Urban areas
• Urban linkage
• Rural-urban linkage
• Implementation of the approach
• Foreign investments
• Equal pay for women
• Social justice
• Climate change
• Raw materials
• Money  investment
• Poverty elimination
• Energy preservation
• Recycling  waste
• Transport  infrastructure

 

2.      Examples to enrich your vocabulary:

1.      Despite his shyness Khalid seems to find it easy to sustain relationship with neighbours.

2.      The Minister of finance think that the economy of Morocco will sustain its growth for the next few years.

3.      That sort of diet is not sustainable over a long period of time.

4.      As far as I am concerned, making wise use of national resources such as water and energy is very important.

5.      Global problems such as climate change, the damage to the ozone layer and the extinction of wildlife species affect all of us. They are real threats to our survival.

6.      We should do something to stop the extinction of dolphins.

7.      Air pollution is a serious threat to health.

8.      It is frightening to see people throw garbage in public places.

9.      Hard work is rewarding; that is, it pays off.

10.  I’ve been working hard for the exam. I don’t squander one minute of my free time.

11.  I will pursue all my aims simultaneously through my life.

12.  Each and everyone of us has a valuable role in sustainable development.

13.  Citizenship relies on us taking part in sustainable development.

 

3 . Practice :

A -Choose the right words: ECOLOGY  / ORGANISMS/ ENVIRONMENT / RSOURCES / DEFORESTATION / GENERATIONS

1. Man’s greed is threatening the……………………………..
2. The extensive abuse of natural………………………….. threatens the very existence of future………………..
3. One of the challenges that the world is facing is the issue of …………………. which is the result of cutting down trees without even thinking of replacing them.
4. The term……………………..refers to the study of the relationship between………………………… and their natural environment.

B- Complete the following collocations: EFFECT /POLLUTION/ REVOLUTION/ DISPOSAL

1. Air, sea, water …………………….
2. Greenhouse………………………..
3. Waste………………………..
4. Industrial…………………