Functions:                                       Expressing Certainty and Uncertainty   p:131

1.     Definitions:

·         Certainty is the state of being sure about something. It’s when you have no doubt about it.

·         Uncertainty is the antonym on certainty. It is when you are unsure or doubtful about something .

 

2.     How to Express Certainty and Uncertainty:

 

Expressing  Certainty	Expressing Uncertainty
·         To be certain about………… ·         To be sure about…………. ·         To strongly believe that……….. ·         It goes without saying. ·         to be convinced of…………… ·         To have no doubt about it. ·         To have no doubt about……… ·         Without a doubt, …………………. ·         It’s obvious that…………. ·         The modal verb ‘Must’ also expresses Certainty.	·         To be not certain about……… ·         To be not sure about……. ·         To strongly not believe that……… ·         To have doubt about………… ·         To doubt that……… ·         To be in two minds about …………. ·         The modal verb ‘May and might’ also express Uncertainty. ·         To feel uncertain about……… ·         Perhaps.

3.     Situations/Examples on how to express certainty and Uncertainty:

Speaker 1: Sohayb is a hardworking student.
Speaker 2: Yes, I am sure/certain that he will have a good grade. (certainty)

Speaker 1: I strongly believe that our local football team will win the match (certainty)
Speaker 2: With their actual level, I doubt it / I feel uncertain about it. (uncertainty)

Speaker 1: Do you think that Hillary Clinton will be the president of the USA
Speaker 2: I am in two minds about that. (uncertainty)
Speaker 1: Well, it goes without saying that she will win the elections. (certainty)